The characterization of water is important for many questions. The analysis of major and trace elements allows a variety of statements regarding water quality and composition in the field of drinking water, contaminated sites, geothermal energy and much more. The analysis spectrum is supplemented by anions such as phosphate, chloride. The stable isotope signature of the water allows a characterization of the water cycle on a local and global scale. In addition, we analyze waters for organic water constituents such as chlorophylla and organic tracers. Our offerings are enhanced by innovative sensor systems, both stationary and mobile.
Numerous major and trace elements can be detected in water samples. The questions are as broad as the element spectrum. Targeted element analyses enable the quality of water to be determined by comparison with limit values, the detection and characterization of contaminated sites, the calculation of water hardness, the determination of the temperature of deep waters, etc. The geochemistry of raw materials, rocks or soils can also be analyzed after acid digestion as a whole or specifically for individual components, such as the platinum group elements or rare earth elements.
We analyze both major and trace element contents in water samples and various fluids (thermal waters, outcrops, leaches). The element spectrum depends on the sample matrix and your question.
We will be pleased to advise you in order to determine the appropriate analysis for your investigations.
Multielement methods
Methods |
Element spectrum |
Instrument |
ICP-MS |
main elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) div. trace elements (e.g. Al, Au, Ag, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, P, Rb, Zn, U) PGEs, SEE ng/L to mg/L, ppt to ppm (depending on matrix/element) |
iCAP RQ, |
ICP-MS | Au, As, Se, Te ng/L to µg/L |
Element XR, Thermo Fisher |
ICP-OES |
Major elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) Selected trace elements (e.g. Ba, Fe, Mn, S, Si, Sr) also suitable for salt-heavy samples µg /L to mg/L, ppb to ppm (depending on matrix/element) |
Varian 715ES (radial) |
Single element methods
Methods |
Element spectrum |
Device |
AAS (flame) |
Single elements especially Na, K, Ca, Mg mg/L, ppm - range |
AAnalyst 200, |
AAS (graphite furnace) |
Single elements e.g. Pb, Cd, Mn, As, Se µg/L, ppb - range |
AAnalyst 600, Perkin Elmer |
AAS (hydride, FIAS) |
Se, As µg/L, ppb - range |
FIMS 400, coupled with |
Important nutrients such as phosphate or nitrate are present in the water as anions. They determine, for example, the trophic status of a body of water or provide indications of overfertilization. Due to their toxicity and corrosiveness, limit values are specified for most anions in the Drinking Water Ordinance. Chlorine/Br ratios are e.g. suitable to investigate the origin of deep waters.
We analyze your samples (fresh water, thermal water) with regard to this or other questions.
We will be pleased to advise you in order to determine the appropriate analysis for your samples.
Anion determination
Method |
Element spectrum/measuring range |
Instrument |
Ion chromatography (IC) |
F-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, J- |
Dionex, ICS-1000; separation column IonPac As14 Supressor ERS 500
Methrom, Compact IC 930; column Metrosep A Supp 5-150
Eluent NaHCO3/Na(CO3)2 |
Photometry |
Phosphate (DIN En ISO 6878) Chromate (US EPA et al. 1992) >0.1 mg/L, ppb |
Lamda2, Perkin Elmer |
The stable isotopic signature of water allows characterization of the water cycle at local and global scales. For example, analysis of water isotopy (δ2H, δ18O) provides information on the formation conditions of groundwater, the origin of precipitation water, evaporation processes, rock-water interactions, etc.
We determine δ2H and δ18O signatures directly from water samples or after distillation from thermal waters.
Isotope method
Method |
Element spectrum |
Device |
Cavity Ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) |
δ2H, δ18O |
LWIA-24d, Los Gatos Research (LGR) |
Organic
Dissolved organic substances are an important component of surface waters. They are either introduced from external sources or are formed directly in the water body as a metabolic and degradation product of plants and animals. In the water body they influence the light distribution in water bodies, bind trace metals or serve as food for microorganisms. A characterization of dissolved organic components thus allows a general characterization of the carbon cycle in water bodies and serves as an important parameter in water quality monitoring.
We analyze yellow matter (CDOM) in your samples by its fluorescence. Furthermore, we can determine organic tracers such as fluorescine and rhodamine. By means of sensor systems we can directly measure yellow substance content as well as chlorophylla and photosynthetically active radiation directly in the water.
We are happy to advise you regarding your samples.
Method | Measuring range | Device |
Fluorescence spectroscopy | Fluorescence: Excitation: 210-630nm Emission: 210-620nm Absorption: Scan range: 230-800nm | Aqualog, Horiba Scientific |
Sensor systems | Detected parameters | Range of application |
BIOFISH Towing system | Depth T, LF, O2, pH value Turbidity CDOM, Chla photosynthetically active radiation | With boat at v < 10km/h and depths < 120 m direct visualization of recorded data water sampling (5x50 mL) by integrated, remote controlled sampling system |
BIOLIFT Buoy | Depth T, LF, O2, pH value Turbidity CDOM, Chla photosynthetically active radiation | vertical profiling up to 10 m depth water sampling system (8x50 mL) Recording of meteorological parameters Long-term use |
Sensor systems | Recorded parameters | Range of application |
BIOFISH Towing system | Depth T, LF, O2, pH value Turbidity CDOM, Chla photosynthetically active radiation | With boat at v < 10km/h and depths < 120 m direct visualization of recorded data water sampling (5x50 mL) by integrated remote sampling system |
BIOLIFT Buoy | Depth T, LF, O2, pH value Turbidity CDOM, Chla photosynthetically active radiation | vertical profiling up to 10 m depth water sampling system (8x50 mL) Recording of meteorological parameters Long-term use |
WTW single sensors | pH-value, O2-content, electrical conductivity, temperature | Sum parameters in water bodies |